ASIS International (ASIS) Professional Certified Investigator Practice Exam

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What are polymorphisms in genetics?

Unique gene sequences
Differences in DNA
Chromosomal abnormalities
Repetitive gene patterns

The correct answer is: Differences in DNA

Polymorphisms in genetics refer to differences in DNA sequences that occur in a population. These variations can manifest as single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), where a single base pair in the genome is altered, or as larger structural changes in the DNA. Essentially, polymorphisms contribute to the genetic diversity within a species, affecting traits and susceptibility to diseases. In the context of genetics, while unique gene sequences can be part of this conversation, polymorphisms specifically emphasize variations rather than their uniqueness. Chromosomal abnormalities are a different category that relates to significant structural alterations in chromosomes rather than routine genetic variation. Repetitive gene patterns also deviate from the definition of polymorphisms, as these patterns refer to sequences that are repeated multiple times in the genome rather than simple variations. Therefore, focusing on the differences in DNA provides the most accurate understanding of what polymorphisms represent in the field of genetics.